| Appearance | Pale yellow, light yellow, or milky-white translucent / milky colloidal solution | Visual inspection and Tyndall effect (laser pointer) | A clear light path is typically visible for high-quality colloidal samples. |
| 농도 | 일반적으로 0.1-5mg/mL; 농축 등급의 경우 최대 >10mg/mL | 중량법 또는 UV-Vis 흡광도 교정 곡선 | Dilute or concentrate to meet the intended use. |
| 안정성 | 4~12주 방치 후 눈에 띄는 강수량 없음 | 육안 관찰 또는 Turbiscan 안정성 분석 | An absolute zeta potential greater than 30 mV is generally preferred. |
| 제타 전위 | -30 ~ -50mV(수성 분산) | 동적 광산란(DLS/ZetaSizer) | Typically dominated by negative charge and sensitive to pH. |
| 입자 / 시트 크기 | Lateral size 50-2000 nm (average 100-800 nm) | DLS or TEM | DLS reports hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average), which is not equivalent to TEM lateral size. |
| 두께 | 1-10 nm (typically 3-8 layers) | AFM (atomic force microscopy) | A monolayer is theoretically about 0.35 nm thick. |
| 비표면적(BET) | 80-300 m²/g | N2 adsorption-desorption | Higher exfoliation generally leads to higher surface area. |
| XRD 특성 피크 | (100) plane about 13.0°; (002) plane about 27.0-27.5° | X선 회절(XRD) | Peak intensity may weaken relative to bulk while the layered structure is retained. |
| 밴드갭(Eg) | 2.6-2.85 eV | UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum with Tauc plot | Indicates visible-light response; confirm by the selected test method. |
| 형상 | Ultrathin translucent nanosheets with wrinkles and curling | TEM, SEM, or AFM | Transparent sheet-like morphology under TEM is a useful quality observation. |
| 작용기 | 810 cm⁻¹ (triazine ring); 1200-1650 cm⁻¹ (C-N); 3100-3500 cm⁻¹ (N-H/O-H) | FT-IR 적외선 스펙트럼 | Used to assess structural integrity. |
| Fluorescence properties | 비교적 강한 청색/청록색 형광 | 광발광 스펙트럼(PL) | Typical excitation wavelength is 320-360 nm. |
| pH 값 | 6.5-9.0 (aqueous dispersion) | pH 미터 | pH is an important stability factor. |
| 금속 불순물 | Fe, Ni, etc. <=0.5% | ICP-MS | Control precursor and equipment contamination. |
| Solid content / volatiles | Nominal concentration ±10% | Oven-drying gravimetric method | Confirm against the selected dispersion grade. |
